Kamis, 13 April 2017

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2



How Economic Factors Affect Consumer Behavior



Are you losing customers and blame online sales?

When I visit businesses with slow sales I hear many excuses(1) for why they have so few customers this month. It seems they are willing to blame online sales(2), the local government policies, or even the local council. Their comments only serve to highlight the fact they do not understand that the current economic factors have more to do with the customers behaviour than any of those other factors. Money is not spent(3) if the customer is worried(4) about their future. The single biggest factor for consumer behaviour spending patterns is how secure they feel their short-term future is regarding savings, employment and home payments. The more insecure they feel about the economy, the more they will pay down debt or keep money for the rainy days(5). This ‘happiness’ factor is measured by the consumer confidence index which is reported daily showing how secure the consumer believes the future is. When the CCI goes over 100 points, customers will spend. If the CCI goes under 100 points(6) the customers stop spending.


How the economy affects the consumer behaviour?

The consumer is bombarded with messages of doom & gloom from the newspaper(7) and other news media telling them all about the problems in the world. Currently we have concerns with(8) ;

- Eurozone debt and several countries in recession

- Declining natural resources and climate warning

- Instability in several governments causing public unrest & armed violence

- Over a 20% drop in Australian super and shares

- Loss of primary industries with large scale unemployment happening almost weekly since start of 2012


Business owners need to pay attention to these economical factors(9). Mortgage payments are often the largest expense a customer has and will not risk losing their home just to take a chance and buy your products. When there is uncertainty in the mortgage rates, sales will decline in most sectors(10). The instability of employment in manufacturing, financial services and construction sectors will cause customers to focus on what would happen(11) if they lost their employment(12). So they start saving money for their possible unemployment and spend it on career change prospects like training in new skills. Due to the high costs of aged care and related retirement expenses many consumers are looking ahead to their future by investing in superannuation and/or shares to be financially secure.
With the global recession and collapse of some international organisations thought to be secure from the economy wobbles(13), super funds have lost millions of consumers financial net(14).


What the current economy means to your customers?

They are unsure(15) if they will be able to keep the family home(16), pay for their retirement and even if they will have a job in the next six months(17). So the consumer goes into survival mode by saving money(18) and stopping all unnecessary spending. As a business owner or manager you need to pay attention to the local economic factors(19) as they will mean the difference between meeting your sales targets or not(20).




Analisis tenses :

      1.      I hear many excuses  : S + V1 + O  = Present Tense

      2.      They are willing to blame online sales : S + Tobe + V ing + O = Simple Present Continous

      3.      Money is not spent : S + Tobe + O = Present Tense

      4.      The customer is worried : S + Tobe + V2 = Past Tense
  
      5.      They will pay down debt or keep money for the rainy days : S + Will + O = Present Future

      6.      The CCI goes over 100 points : S + V1 + O = Present Tense

      7.      The consumer is bombarded with messages of doom & gloom from the newspaper :             
             S + Tobe + V2 + O = Simple Past Tense

      8.      We have concerns with : S + V1 + O = Present Tense

      9.      Business owners need to pay attention to these economical factors :
       S + V1 + O = Simple Present Tense

      10.  Sales will decline in most sectors : S + Will +V1 + O = Simple Future

      11.  Financial services and construction sectors will cause customers to focus on what would  happen :       S + Will + V1 + O = Simple Future

      12.  They lost their employment : S + V2 + O = Simple Present

      13.  The global recession and collapse of some international organisations thought to be secure from the economy wobbles : S + V2 + O/ Complement = Simple Past Tense

      14.  Super funds have lost millions of consumers financial net :
      S + Tobe + V3 + O = Past Perfect

      15.  They are unsure : S + Tobe + O = Simple Present

      16.  They will be able to keep the family home : S + Will + V1 + O =  Future Tense

      17.  They will have a job in the next six months : S + Will + V1 + O = Simple Pesent Future

      18.  The consumer goes into survival mode by saving money : S + V1 + O = Present Tense
   
      19.  As a business owner or manager you need to pay attention to the local economic factors :
      S + V1 + O = Simple Present Tense

      20.  They will mean the difference between meeting your sales targets or not :         
      S + Will + V1 + O     = Simple Future.







 

Sabtu, 18 Maret 2017

TOEFL

Soal dan Jawaban TOEFL

GERUND
Gerund merupakan sebuah jenis kata benda yang berasal dari kata kerja (verb) dengan menambahkan akhiran –ing setelah kata–kata tertentu.

1. I ____the street when it began to rain.
a. Was walk down
b. Was walking
c. Was walking down
d. Was walk
Jawaban : c. Was walking down
pembahasannya : penggunaan when pada kalimat menunjukan sesuatu yang terjadi saat suatu kegiatan sedang dilakukan.

2. The team ____along the river - bank when they, accidentally, found a big cave.
a. Were walking
b. Were walk
c. Was walking
d. Was walk
Jawaban : a. Were walking
Pembahasannya : penggunaan when pada kalimat menunjukan sesuatu yang terjadi saat suatu kegiatan sedang dilakukan (continuous). karena kata kerja pada anak kalimat berbentuk lampau (found), maka kata kerja yang dibutuhkan berbentuk past continuous.

3. Because of the on going dispute, the politicians rests the president’ s ………. for hearing the session on a cabinet reshuffles.
a. Call
b. Calling
c. Called
d. Callied
Jawaban : b. Calling
Pembahasannya : karena terdapat kata kerja yang diletakkan setelah possessive adjective berupa “the president’s” maka jawabannya menggunakan gerund (v -ing).

4. According to the diet procedure, .………….. will decrease our fat.
a. Eat tomato everyday
b. Eated tomato everyday
c. Eat tomatoes everyday
d. Eating tomato everyday
Jawaban : d. Eating tomato everyday
Pembahasannya : karena pada jawaban itu membutuhkan sebuah subjek, dan yang memenuhi criteria subjek adalah “eating tomato everyday” karena kata kerja difungsikan sebagai subjek.

5. “May I find a shady spot and take a rest, mom ?
“That is not a good idea my daughter, we have not stopped .............. all the rooms of our home, wait for a minute honey”.
a. Sweeping
b. Sweep
c. Sweaped
d. Sweeped
Jawaban : a. Sweeping
Pembahasannya : karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus menggunakan gerund (v - ing) berupa kata “stopped” meskipun berbentuk the perfect tense, maka jawaban yang memenuhi adalah “sweeping”.

6. My daughter has ............ to a graduation gift from her elder brother in another country this week.
a. Gets
b. Getting
c. Getted
d. Gettings
Jawaban : b. Getting
Pembahasannya : karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus menggunakan gerund (v - ing) berupa kata “s looked forward to” meskipun berbentuk the perfect tense, maka jawaban yang memenuhi adalah “getting”.

7. “Mom, is it a good idea if I spend my holiday in Lampung for a week with my friends ?”
“Sorry, I do not think so, I would ........... you holiday in your grandmother’s town, my darling with us”.
a. Spended
b. Spends
c. Spending
d. Spendied
Jawaban : c. Spending
Pembahasannya : karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus menggunakan gerund (v - ing) berupa kata “advise” meskipun berbentuk the perfect tense, maka jawaban yang memenuhi adalah “spending”.

8. Our new English teacher, who ............ glasses and good looking, is Mrs. Dwi Ratnawati.
a. Used
b. Useds
c. Usings
d. Using
Jawaban : d. Using
Pembahasannya : karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus menggunakan gerund (v - ing) berupa kata “be used to” meskipun berbentuk the perfect tense, maka jawaban yang memenuhi adalah “using”.

9. Since Marlo is a presenter, he is used to ______ in front of the spectators.
a. Speaking
b. Speaked
c. Speaks
d. Speakings
Jawaban : a. Speaking
Pembahasannya : Penggunaan be used to + Ving bertujuan menyatakan kebiasaan yang terus dilakukan sampai sekarang, sedangkan used to + V1 menyatakan kebiasaan yang dulu dilaksanakan namun sekarang sudah tidak lagi dilaksanakan.

10. At New Year’s Eve ______ continued until early in the morning.
a. Singer and dancer
b. Singing and dancing
c. Singer and dancing
d. Singing and dancer
Jawaban : b. Singing and dancing
Pembahasannya : Pada kalimat tidak terdapat subjek. Jadi yang dibutuhkan adalah subjek berupa gerund.




Infinitive
Infinitve merupakan salah satu jenis kata kerja yang menyatakan sebuah kegiatan yang biasanya diawali dengan kata “to” dimana “to” ini biasanya diapit oleh 2 kata kerja. Untuk kata kerja (verb) yang pertama merupakan jenis kata infinitive tertentu yang diikuti oleh “to”.

1. the pray and the try are the important ways to make our dream comes to, they are very useful ......
a. Was do
b. Were do
c. For do
d. To do
Jawaban : d. To do
Penjelasannya : Pada kalimat tersebut terdapat salah satu jenis kata kerja khusus yang harus diikuti oleh “infinitive” kata tersebut berupa kata “useful”, sehingga jawaban yang pas adalah “to + verb 1”, to do.

2. “Why does Miftahul wake up early every morning ?”
“the school bus and he must ........ there at 7 morning everyday”.
a. To get
b. Forget
c. For give
d. To give
Jawaban : a. To get
Penjelasannya : Pada kalimat tersebut terdapat pertanyaan yang menanyakan sebuah alasan (reason), dimana si penjawab akan mengatakan alasannya mengapa bangun lebih awal setiap pagi, untuk menyatakan sebuah tujuan “infinitive” kata tersebut berupa kata “to get”, sehingga jawaban yang pas adalah “to + verb 1”, to get.

3. “What does you son want after graduating from Senior high school this year ?”
a. To enter in has favorite university
b. To get in his favorite university
c. To enter in his favorite university
d. To getting in has favorite university
Jawaban : c. To enter in his favorite university
Penjelasannya : Pada kalimat tersebut terdapat pertanyaan yang menanyakan sebuah keinginan / tujuan dimana si penjawab akan mengatakan apa yang ingin anak laki - lakinya lakukan setelah lulus dari sekolah menengah atas (SMA) dan untuk menyatakan sebuah tujuan menggunakan “infinitive” kata tersebut berupa kata “to enter in his favorite university”, sehingga jawaban yang pas adalah “to + verb 1”.

4. “Why did you come late, Naila ?”
“I had to help mom first for cooking, and I decide all”.
a. Finished
b. Finishing
c. Finishied
d. Finish him
Jawaban : a. Finished
Penjelasannya : Pada kalimat tersebut terdapat pertanyaan yang menanyakan sebuah alasan (reason), dimana si penjawab akan mengatakan alasannya mengapa bangun lebih awal setiap pagi, untuk menyatakan sebuah tujuan “infinitive” kata tersebut berupa kata “to finish”, sehingga jawaban yang pas adalah “to + verb 1”.

5. Dinda ......... because the important news on it, she promises not to do that again.
a. To close
b. Force close
c. To lose
d. Force lose
Jawaban : c. To lose
Penjelasannya : Pada kalimat tersebut terdapat pertanyaan yang menanyakan sebuah alasan (reason), dimana si penjawab akan mengatakan alasannya mengapa bangun lebih awal setiap pagi, untuk menyatakan sebuah tujuan “infinitive” kata tersebut berupa kata “regret” yang bisa menggunakan gerund dan infinitive namun karena si subjek berjanji tidak kan melakukannya kembali, sehingga jawaban yang pas adalah “to + verb 1”, to lose.

6. ........... is the only thing Messi wants after his final match.
a. Was sleep
b. To sleep
c. Was sleeped
d. To sleeped
Jawaban : b. To sleep
Penjelasannya : To sleep berfungsi sebagai sebuah kata benda karena merupakan subjek dari kalimatnya.

7. Please give me a good novel .........
a. To read
b. Was read
c. To reading
d. Was reading
Jawaban : a. To read
Penjelasannya : to read berfungsi sebagai sebuah kata sifat karena kata kerja tersebut menggantikan ‘novel’.

8. Andi returned ......... his girlfriend.
a. For help
b. To helped
c. For helps
d. To help
Jawaban : d. To help
Penjelasannya : to help berfungsi sebagai sebuah kata keterangan karena menjelaskan apa yang Andi lakukan.

9. The environmental group hopes ______ the forest to its original condition by the end of the decade.
a. For restore
b. To restore
c. For restored
d. To restored
Jawaban : b. To restore
Penjelasannya : Kata kerja hopes diikuti oleh to infinitive.

10. The new employees are furious ______ the news about their delaying salary.
a. Was receive
b. To receive
c. Was received
d. To received
Jawaban : b. To receive
Penjelasannya : Kata furious diikuti oleh to infinitive.